This particular image was made on photoshop by making many text layers and editing each layer particularly. The background was made using the effect 'clouds'.
This picture was made on Photoshop, by copying a picture of a pumpkin from the internet, and adding different effects and designs to make it look like it was actually carved in real life.
The image below was made using many layers on Photoshop. One to color each shade of color you see on the picture. The image was retrieved from Google Pictures.
This image was made using a hamster photograph from Google Pictures, and using Photoshop, on a single layer I created the effects visible in the pictures on the left.